Journal: Diabetes Therapy

Article Title: Concentrations of VEGF and PlGF Decrease in Eyes After Intravitreal Conbercept Injection

doi: 10.1007/s13300-018-0527-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Before and after the patients received the intravitreal conbercept treatment and underwent vitrectomy. a Schematic flow diagram of the process in this work. b Concentrations of VEGF and PlGF in the aqueous and vitreous humor pre- and post-intravitreal conbercept injection. c Correlation between the concentrations of VEGF and PlGF in the aqueous and vitreous humor. ** p < 0.01

Article Snippet: ELISA analysis was performed using Human VEGF ELISA kit and Human PlGF ELISA kit (Boster Biological Technology, Wuhan, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Neutralization of Marinobufagenin Demonstrates Efficacy In Vitro and In Vivo in Models of Pre-Eclampsia.

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13040782

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. (A) MBG-induced decreased expression of VEGF was attenuated by pretreatment with H3L2 (4 µg/mL) (* p < 0.05). (B) MBG-induced decreased expression of PlGF was attenuated by pretreatment with H3L2 (4 µg/mL) (* p < 0.05). (C) MBG-induced increased expression of sFlt-1 was attenuated by pretreatment with H3L2 (4 µg/mL) (* p < 0.05). (D) MBG-induced increased expression of sEng was attenuated by pretreatment with H3L2 (4 µg/mL) (* p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Measurement of angiogenic factors: Levels of the pro-angiogenic factors VEGF and PlGF, and the anti-angiogenic factors sFlt-1 and sEng, were measured with commercially available kits (Human VEGF Quantikine ELISA Kit (DVE00); Human PlGF Quantikine ELISA Kit (DPG00); Human sVEGF R1/Flt-1 Quantikine ELISA Kit (DVR100B); Human Endoglin/CD105 Quantikine ELISA Kit (DNDG00); R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Primary Human Trophoblasts Mimic the Preeclampsia Phenotype after Acute Hypoxia–Reoxygenation Insult

doi: 10.3390/cells11121898

Figure Lengend Snippet: The mRNA expression of genes involved in angiogenesis and the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) reflects a preeclampsia (PE) profile . The mRNA abundance of ( A ) FlT-1, ( B ) PlGF, ( C ) ENG, ( D ) VEGF A, ( E ) AGTR1, and ( F ) AGTR4 in placental tissues from normotensive controls (gray bar; n = 16) and preeclamptic (PE: orange bar; n = 13) pregnancies is shown. The cultured primary cytotrophoblasts (CTB) were exposed either to normoxia (24 h: gray bar with diagonal lines; n = 9), hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R; 6 h intervals each of normoxia and hypoxia for 24 h; light orange bar with diagonal lines; n = 9) and hypoxia (24 h; dark orange bar with diagonal lines; n = 9). The procedures regarding the processing of the placental tissues as well as the isolation of the CTB from the healthy term placentae are described in Materials and Methods. The gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR and normalized to the reference gene YWHAZ. Data are shown as the mean ± S.E.M. and represent the fold change (2 − ΔΔCq ) of the mRNA expression in comparison to the control placentae and normoxia, respectively. The placental expression patterns between the control and PE were compared using the student’s t-test. For comparison of normoxia with hypoxia and H/R, ANOVA was applied. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. FlT-1: fms-like tyrosine kinase 1; PlGF: placental growth factor; ENG: endoglin; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; ATR: angiotensin receptor; YWHAZ: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5- monooxygenase activation protein zeta.

Article Snippet: The secretion of β-hCG, sFlT-1, and PlGF into CTB culture media after 6–24 h exposure to normoxia, hypoxia, and H/R was measured by using a human hCG (intact) ELISA kit (RAB0092, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) and sFlT-1 and PlGF ELISA kits (EA100379 and EA100342, respectively, OriGene, Rockville, MD, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, Isolation, Gene Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Comparison, Control, Activation Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Primary Human Trophoblasts Mimic the Preeclampsia Phenotype after Acute Hypoxia–Reoxygenation Insult

doi: 10.3390/cells11121898

Figure Lengend Snippet: The mRNA abundance and secretion of hCG. ( A ) The expression of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) as an indicator for syncytium formation was determined on an mRNA level by qRT-PCR. ( B ) The secretion of the hCG protein was analyzed during a time course of 6–24 h using ELISA. The placental tissues of the normotensive controls (gray bar; n = 16) and women with PE (orange bar; n = 13) pregnancies were compared. The primary cytotrophoblasts (CTB) were placed under normoxia (24 h: gray bar with diagonal lines; n = 9), H/R (6 h intervals each of normoxia and hypoxia for 24 h; light orange bar with diagonal lines; n = 9), and hypoxia (24 h; dark orange bar with diagonal lines; n = 9). The gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR and normalized to the reference gene YWHAZ. ELISA was performed as described in Material and Methods. Data are shown as the mean ± S.E.M. and represent the fold change (2 − ΔΔCq ) of the mRNA expression as compared to the control or normoxia. The placental expression patterns between the control and PE were compared using the student’s t -test. For comparison of normoxia with hypoxia and H/R, ANOVA was applied. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Article Snippet: The secretion of β-hCG, sFlT-1, and PlGF into CTB culture media after 6–24 h exposure to normoxia, hypoxia, and H/R was measured by using a human hCG (intact) ELISA kit (RAB0092, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) and sFlT-1 and PlGF ELISA kits (EA100379 and EA100342, respectively, OriGene, Rockville, MD, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Gene Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Comparison

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Primary Human Trophoblasts Mimic the Preeclampsia Phenotype after Acute Hypoxia–Reoxygenation Insult

doi: 10.3390/cells11121898

Figure Lengend Snippet: The protein secretions of sFlT-1 and PlGF into the supernatants of the preeclampsia (PE) cell models . The protein secretions of ( A ) sFlT-1 and ( B ) PlGF were measured using ELISA kits following the manufacturer´s instructions. The protein secretion was measured in the media of the CTB cultured under normoxia (gray bar with diagonal lines), H/R (light orange bar with diagonal lines), and hypoxia (dark orange bar with diagonal lines) conditions. ( C ) depicts the calculated sFlT-1/PlGF ratio. The gray dashed line (>38 PE) shows the cutoff value for PE as determined in human serum samples and used for diagnostic purposes in the clinical context. The black dash-dot line (>85) marks the cutoff value for early-onset PE (EO-PE), and the black dotted line (>110) depicts the cutoff value for late-onset PE (LO-PE). The results are presented as mean ± S.E.M. ( n = 9 different CTB isolations cultured under normoxia, H/R, and hypoxia). Statistical analyses were performed by paired 2-way ANOVA. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Article Snippet: The secretion of β-hCG, sFlT-1, and PlGF into CTB culture media after 6–24 h exposure to normoxia, hypoxia, and H/R was measured by using a human hCG (intact) ELISA kit (RAB0092, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) and sFlT-1 and PlGF ELISA kits (EA100379 and EA100342, respectively, OriGene, Rockville, MD, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture, Diagnostic Assay

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Validation of semaphorin 7A and ala-β-his-dipeptidase as biomarkers associated with the conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis

doi: 10.1186/s12974-014-0181-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical information and CSF characteristics of CIS patients included in the study

Article Snippet: Levels of plasminogen were measured with the AssayMax Human Plasminogen ELISA Kit (EP1200-1; Assaypro, St Charles, Massachusetts, United States) following 1:100 and 1:20000 dilutions in CSF and serum samples respectively.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Validation of semaphorin 7A and ala-β-his-dipeptidase as biomarkers associated with the conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis

doi: 10.1186/s12974-014-0181-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical information and CSF characteristics of validation cohorts of CIS patients

Article Snippet: Levels of plasminogen were measured with the AssayMax Human Plasminogen ELISA Kit (EP1200-1; Assaypro, St Charles, Massachusetts, United States) following 1:100 and 1:20000 dilutions in CSF and serum samples respectively.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Validation of semaphorin 7A and ala-β-his-dipeptidase as biomarkers associated with the conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis

doi: 10.1186/s12974-014-0181-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum levels of apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein AIV, vitronectin, and plasminogen. Boxplots showing serum protein levels determined by ELISA in CIS patients who converted to CDMS and CIS who remained with CIS. Outliers are represented with asterisks. Statistically significant p-values are shown in bold. CIS → CIS: CIS patients who did not convert to clinically definite MS during the follow-up period. CIS → CDMS: CIS patients who converted to clinically definite MS. C: controls with other neurological disorders. Numbers in parentheses indicate individuals available for analysis. CDMS, clinically definite multiple sclerosis; CIS, clinically isolated syndromes, CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.

Article Snippet: Levels of plasminogen were measured with the AssayMax Human Plasminogen ELISA Kit (EP1200-1; Assaypro, St Charles, Massachusetts, United States) following 1:100 and 1:20000 dilutions in CSF and serum samples respectively.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Isolation

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Validation of semaphorin 7A and ala-β-his-dipeptidase as biomarkers associated with the conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis

doi: 10.1186/s12974-014-0181-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of apolipoprotein AI, semaphorin 7A, and ala-beta-his-dipeptidase as biomarkers associated with conversion to CDMS in a second and totally independent cohort of CIS patients. Boxplots depicting CSF levels of apolipoprotein AI determined by ELISA, and CSF abundance of CNDP1 and semaphorin 7A determined by selected reaction monitoring in MS converters and non-converters to MS. Statistically significant P values are shown in bold. *Indicates that significant differences were also observed between CIS → CDMS and controls ( P = 2.9 × 10 −3 ). CIS → CIS: CIS patients who did not convert to clinically definite MS during the follow-up period. CIS → CDMS: CIS patients who converted to clinically definite MS. C: controls with other neurological disorders. Numbers in parentheses indicate individuals available for analysis. CDMS, clinically definite multiple sclerosis; CDNP1, ala-beta-his-dipeptidase; CIS, clinically isolated syndromes, CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.

Article Snippet: Levels of plasminogen were measured with the AssayMax Human Plasminogen ELISA Kit (EP1200-1; Assaypro, St Charles, Massachusetts, United States) following 1:100 and 1:20000 dilutions in CSF and serum samples respectively.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Targeted Proteomics, Isolation